Cho'Gath's name is likely derived from "Shoggoth," an otherworldly monster from the works of H.P. Lovecraft. The two are similar in that they are alien to the world they reside in (Valoran/Earth), but otherwise they do not share much similarities. Another possibility is that it is derived from Ku'Gath a daemon in the warhammer 40k universe. Cho'Gath and Ku'Gath share similar names, both come from an other worldly dimension, the void and the warp respectivly and both are large, monstrous beings.
Cho'Gath is the first champion to receive a second legendary skin, though Corki has two skins priced 1820 one is only a limited skin.
Cho'Gath's dance is the same as Mickey Mouse's dance in Disney's Fantasmic! show at Disneyland.
Cho'Gath ties for highest base damage at level 18 with Skarner (130).
Before season 3, the icon used to indicate the Tenacity stat on champions is the same icon of his Vorpal Spikes icon.
Cho'Gath's icon for Feast shows an inner maw, similar to that of the aliens/xenomorphs from the Alien film franchise.
Cho'Gath may be inspired by the popular Japanese movies series, Godzilla, as Cho'Gath bears similarities to the 1st form of Destroyah.
Cho'Gath bears a resemblance to Malebogia and Violator from the Spawn franchise.
"Ah, the tangled webs we weave..." is a reference to a similar line from the epic poem Marmion, written by the Scottish poet and author Sir Walter Scott.
When Cho'Gath uses his Feast, he will sometimes exclaim, "Omnomnomnom." This is a direct reference to the Cookie Monster, a character from the kids' show, Sesame Street.
Gentlemen Cho'Gath possesses many quotes that are different from the regular Cho'gath.
"I like a man who grins when he fights!" is a reference to a quote spoken by Winston Churchill.
"One can survive everything, nowadays, except death," is a quote from 19th century author and poet, Oscar Wilde.
"Cake or death?" is a question asked by British comedian Eddie Izzard in his Dress to Kill DVD. The answer given was, "Uh, death, please. No, cake! Cake! Cake, sorry. Sorry..."
"Anything less would be uncivilized." may be a reference to Right Guard deodorant commercials.
Battlecast Prime Cho'Gath's quote, "Maximum Cho'Gath," is likely a reference to the Crysis series.
Skins
The Loch Ness Cho'Gath skin is a reference to the infamous Loch Ness Monster.
Gentleman Cho'Gath's clothing and voice are supposed to represent gentlemen from the 19th century.
Battlecast Cho'Gath skin has some body parts similar to Machinedramon from Digimon series.
Cho'Gath is currently the only champion in the game to possess two Legendary skins available in the store, Battlecast Cho'Gath and Gentleman Cho'Gath
Corki was the first to have 2 Legendary skins, however, both are currently unavailable for purchase.
The Gentleman Cho'Gath skin was the first champion skin ever to feature a voice-over change.
In the spoiler for Battlecast Cho'Gath, in the top right are the names XER, URG, SKA, MAW and ANV. This is likely a hint at the other Battlecast skins to come.
Battlecast Cho'Gath appears as a miniboss in Tokyo, Japan in the flash minigame, Cho'Gath Eats the World.
Under a forum thread that discussed the cancelation of Omen, Zileas noted that, in a skins meeting, someone once suggested a "Japanese Schoolgirl" or "Magical Girl" skin for Cho'Gath, and that he supports its creation.